hump/class.lua

--[[
Copyright (c) 2010-2012 Matthias Richter

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
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IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
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LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
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]]--

local function __NULL__() end

-- class "inheritance" by copying functions
local function inherit(class, interface, ...)
	if not interface then return end
	assert(type(interface) == "table", "Can only inherit from other classes.")

	-- __index and construct are not overwritten as for them class[name] is defined
	for name, func in pairs(interface) do
		if not class[name] then
			class[name] = func
		end
	end
	for super in pairs(interface.__is_a or {}) do
		class.__is_a[super] = true
	end

	return inherit(class, ...)
end

-- class builder
local function new(args)
	local super = {}
	local name = '<unnamed class>'
	local constructor = args or __NULL__
	if type(args) == "table" then
		-- nasty hack to check if args.inherits is a table of classes or a class or nil
		super = (args.inherits or {}).__is_a and {args.inherits} or args.inherits or {}
		name = args.name or name
		constructor = args[1] or __NULL__
	end
	assert(type(constructor) == "function", 'constructor has to be nil or a function')

	-- build class
	local class = {}
	class.__index = class
	class.__tostring = function() return ("<instance of %s>"):format(tostring(class)) end
	class.construct = constructor or __NULL__
	class.inherit = inherit
	class.__is_a = {[class] = true}
	class.is_a = function(self, other) return not not self.__is_a[other] end

	-- inherit superclasses (see above)
	inherit(class, unpack(super))

	-- syntactic sugar
	local meta = {
		__call = function(self, ...)
			local obj = {}
			setmetatable(obj, self)
			self.construct(obj, ...)
			return obj
		end,
		__tostring = function() return name end
	}
	return setmetatable(class, meta)
end

-- interface for cross class-system compatibility (see https://github.com/bartbes/Class-Commons).
if class_commons ~= false and not common then
	common = {}
	function common.class(name, prototype, parent)
		local init = prototype.init or (parent or {}).init
		return new{name = name, inherits = {prototype, parent}, init}
	end
	function common.instance(class, ...)
		return class(...)
	end
end


-- the module
return setmetatable({new = new, inherit = inherit},
	{__call = function(_,...) return new(...) end})