diff --git a/build/release.js b/build/release.js
index b778ca244..f7d30f4db 100644
--- a/build/release.js
+++ b/build/release.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 "use strict";
 
-var fs = require( "fs" );
+const fs = require( "node:fs" );
 
 module.exports = function( Release ) {
 
diff --git a/build/release/authors.js b/build/release/authors.js
index dc9707c6b..3a0f3bd32 100644
--- a/build/release/authors.js
+++ b/build/release/authors.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 "use strict";
 
-const fs = require( "node:fs" );
+const fs = require( "node:fs/promises" );
 const util = require( "node:util" );
 const exec = util.promisify( require( "node:child_process" ).exec );
 const rnewline = /\r?\n/;
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ function cloneSizzle() {
 }
 
 async function getLastAuthor() {
-	const authorsTxt = await fs.promises.readFile( "AUTHORS.txt", "utf8" );
+	const authorsTxt = await fs.readFile( "AUTHORS.txt", "utf8" );
 	return authorsTxt.trim().split( rnewline ).pop();
 }
 
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ async function updateAuthors() {
 	const authors = await getAuthors();
 
 	const authorsTxt = "Authors ordered by first contribution.\n\n" + authors.join( "\n" ) + "\n";
-	await fs.promises.writeFile( "AUTHORS.txt", authorsTxt );
+	await fs.writeFile( "AUTHORS.txt", authorsTxt );
 
 	console.log( "AUTHORS.txt updated" );
 }
diff --git a/build/release/cdn.js b/build/release/cdn.js
index 0cbea4a7a..8576ade42 100644
--- a/build/release/cdn.js
+++ b/build/release/cdn.js
@@ -1,13 +1,10 @@
 "use strict";
 
-var
-	fs = require( "fs" ),
+var fs = require( "node:fs" ),
 	shell = require( "shelljs" ),
-	path = require( "path" ),
-	os = require( "os" ),
-
+	path = require( "node:path" ),
+	os = require( "node:os" ),
 	cdnFolder = "dist/cdn",
-
 	releaseFiles = {
 		"jquery-VER.js": "dist/jquery.js",
 		"jquery-VER.min.js": "dist/jquery.min.js",
@@ -16,15 +13,21 @@ var
 		"jquery-VER.slim.min.js": "dist/jquery.slim.min.js",
 		"jquery-VER.slim.min.map": "dist/jquery.slim.min.map"
 	},
-
 	googleFilesCDN = [
-		"jquery.js", "jquery.min.js", "jquery.min.map",
-		"jquery.slim.js", "jquery.slim.min.js", "jquery.slim.min.map"
+		"jquery.js",
+		"jquery.min.js",
+		"jquery.min.map",
+		"jquery.slim.js",
+		"jquery.slim.min.js",
+		"jquery.slim.min.map"
 	],
-
 	msFilesCDN = [
-		"jquery-VER.js", "jquery-VER.min.js", "jquery-VER.min.map",
-		"jquery-VER.slim.js", "jquery-VER.slim.min.js", "jquery-VER.slim.min.map"
+		"jquery-VER.js",
+		"jquery-VER.min.js",
+		"jquery-VER.min.map",
+		"jquery-VER.slim.js",
+		"jquery-VER.slim.min.js",
+		"jquery-VER.slim.min.map"
 	];
 
 /**
@@ -44,11 +47,16 @@ function makeReleaseCopies( Release ) {
 			// Map files need to reference the new uncompressed name;
 			// assume that all files reside in the same directory.
 			// "file":"jquery.min.js" ... "sources":["jquery.js"]
-			text = fs.readFileSync( builtFile, "utf8" )
-				.replace( /"file":"([^"]+)"/,
-					"\"file\":\"" + unpathedFile.replace( /\.min\.map/, ".min.js\"" ) )
-				.replace( /"sources":\["([^"]+)"\]/,
-					"\"sources\":[\"" + unpathedFile.replace( /\.min\.map/, ".js" ) + "\"]" );
+			text = fs
+				.readFileSync( builtFile, "utf8" )
+				.replace(
+					/"file":"([^"]+)"/,
+					`"file":"${ unpathedFile.replace( /\.min\.map/, ".min.js" ) }"`
+				)
+				.replace(
+					/"sources":\["([^"]+)"\]/,
+					`"sources":["${ unpathedFile.replace( /\.min\.map/, ".js" ) }"]`
+				);
 			fs.writeFileSync( releaseFile, text );
 		} else if ( builtFile !== releaseFile ) {
 			shell.cp( "-f", builtFile, releaseFile );
@@ -57,19 +65,22 @@ function makeReleaseCopies( Release ) {
 }
 
 function makeArchives( Release, callback ) {
-
 	Release.chdir( Release.dir.repo );
 
 	function makeArchive( cdn, files, callback ) {
 		if ( Release.preRelease ) {
-			console.log( "Skipping archive creation for " + cdn + "; this is a beta release." );
+			console.log(
+				`Skipping archive creation for ${ cdn }; this is a beta release.`
+			);
 			callback();
 			return;
 		}
 
 		console.log( "Creating production archive for " + cdn );
 
-		var i, sum, result,
+		var i,
+			sum,
+			result,
 			archiver = require( "archiver" )( "zip" ),
 			md5file = cdnFolder + "/" + cdn + "-md5.txt",
 			output = fs.createWriteStream(
@@ -87,28 +98,35 @@ function makeArchives( Release, callback ) {
 		archiver.pipe( output );
 
 		files = files.map( function( item ) {
-			return "dist" + ( rver.test( item ) ? "/cdn" : "" ) + "/" +
-				item.replace( rver, Release.newVersion );
+			return (
+				"dist" +
+				( rver.test( item ) ? "/cdn" : "" ) +
+				"/" +
+				item.replace( rver, Release.newVersion )
+			);
 		} );
 
 		if ( os.platform() === "win32" ) {
 			sum = [];
 			for ( i = 0; i < files.length; i++ ) {
 				result = Release.exec(
-					"certutil -hashfile " + files[ i ] + " MD5", "Error retrieving md5sum"
+					"certutil -hashfile " + files[ i ] + " MD5",
+					"Error retrieving md5sum"
 				);
 				sum.push( rmd5.exec( result )[ 0 ] + " " + files[ i ] );
 			}
 			sum = sum.join( "\n" );
 		} else {
-			sum = Release.exec( "md5 -r " + files.join( " " ), "Error retrieving md5sum" );
+			sum = Release.exec(
+				"md5 -r " + files.join( " " ),
+				"Error retrieving md5sum"
+			);
 		}
 		fs.writeFileSync( md5file, sum );
 		files.push( md5file );
 
 		files.forEach( function( file ) {
-			archiver.append( fs.createReadStream( file ),
-				{ name: path.basename( file ) } );
+			archiver.append( fs.createReadStream( file ), { name: path.basename( file ) } );
 		} );
 
 		archiver.finalize();
diff --git a/build/release/dist.js b/build/release/dist.js
index c06c6c656..7b0afae85 100644
--- a/build/release/dist.js
+++ b/build/release/dist.js
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 module.exports = function( Release, files, complete ) {
 
-	const fs = require( "fs" ).promises;
+	const fs = require( "node:fs/promises" );
 	const shell = require( "shelljs" );
 	const inquirer = require( "inquirer" );
 	const pkg = require( `${ Release.dir.repo }/package.json` );
diff --git a/build/tasks/compare_size.mjs b/build/tasks/compare_size.mjs
index c8e55bb42..ea239fb27 100644
--- a/build/tasks/compare_size.mjs
+++ b/build/tasks/compare_size.mjs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import chalk from "chalk";
-import fs from "node:fs";
+import fs from "node:fs/promises";
 import { promisify } from "node:util";
 import zlib from "node:zlib";
 import { exec as nodeExec } from "node:child_process";
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ function getBranchHeader( branch, commit ) {
 async function getCache( loc ) {
 	let cache;
 	try {
-		const contents = await fs.promises.readFile( loc, "utf8" );
+		const contents = await fs.readFile( loc, "utf8" );
 		cache = JSON.parse( contents );
 	} catch ( err ) {
 		return {};
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ function cacheResults( results ) {
 }
 
 function saveCache( loc, cache ) {
-	return fs.promises.writeFile( loc, JSON.stringify( cache ) );
+	return fs.writeFile( loc, JSON.stringify( cache ) );
 }
 
 function compareSizes( existing, current, padLength ) {
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ export async function compareSize( { cache = ".sizecache.json", files } = {} ) {
 	const results = await Promise.all(
 		files.map( async function( filename ) {
 
-			let contents = await fs.promises.readFile( filename, "utf8" );
+			let contents = await fs.readFile( filename, "utf8" );
 
 			// Remove the short SHA and .dirty from comparisons.
 			// The short SHA so commits can be compared against each other
diff --git a/build/tasks/lib/isCleanWorkingDir.js b/build/tasks/lib/isCleanWorkingDir.js
index 16c87fd9d..3ad8f89bc 100644
--- a/build/tasks/lib/isCleanWorkingDir.js
+++ b/build/tasks/lib/isCleanWorkingDir.js
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 "use strict";
 
-const util = require( "util" );
-const exec = util.promisify( require( "child_process" ).exec );
+const util = require( "node:util" );
+const exec = util.promisify( require( "node:child_process" ).exec );
 
 module.exports = async function isCleanWorkingDir() {
 	const { stdout } = await exec( "git status --untracked-files=no --porcelain" );
diff --git a/build/tasks/minify.js b/build/tasks/minify.js
index 0819246a5..bfb059b7b 100644
--- a/build/tasks/minify.js
+++ b/build/tasks/minify.js
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 "use strict";
 
 const UglifyJS = require( "uglify-js" );
-const fs = require( "fs" );
-const path = require( "path" );
+const fs = require( "node:fs/promises" );
+const path = require( "node:path" );
 const processForDist = require( "./dist" );
 const getTimestamp = require( "./lib/getTimestamp" );
 
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ const rjs = /\.js$/;
 
 module.exports = async function minify( { dir, filename } ) {
 	const filepath = path.join( dir, filename );
-	const contents = await fs.promises.readFile( filepath, "utf8" );
+	const contents = await fs.readFile( filepath, "utf8" );
 	const version = /jQuery JavaScript Library ([^\n]+)/.exec( contents )[ 1 ];
 	const banner = `/*! jQuery ${ version }` +
 		" | (c) OpenJS Foundation and other contributors" +
@@ -63,11 +63,11 @@ module.exports = async function minify( { dir, filename } ) {
 	} );
 
 	await Promise.all( [
-		fs.promises.writeFile(
+		fs.writeFile(
 			path.join( dir, minFilename ),
 			code
 		),
-		fs.promises.writeFile(
+		fs.writeFile(
 			path.join( dir, mapFilename ),
 			map
 		)
diff --git a/build/tasks/node_smoke_tests.js b/build/tasks/node_smoke_tests.js
index 01d69eb25..043a227b5 100644
--- a/build/tasks/node_smoke_tests.js
+++ b/build/tasks/node_smoke_tests.js
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 "use strict";
 
-const fs = require( "fs" );
-const util = require( "util" );
-const exec = util.promisify( require( "child_process" ).exec );
+const fs = require( "node:fs/promises" );
+const util = require( "node:util" );
+const exec = util.promisify( require( "node:child_process" ).exec );
 const verifyNodeVersion = require( "./lib/verifyNodeVersion" );
 
 if ( !verifyNodeVersion() ) {
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ if ( !verifyNodeVersion() ) {
 
 async function runTests( { module } ) {
 	const dir = "./test/node_smoke_tests";
-	const files = await fs.promises.readdir( dir, { withFileTypes: true } );
+	const files = await fs.readdir( dir, { withFileTypes: true } );
 	const testFiles = files.filter( ( testFilePath ) => testFilePath.isFile() );
 
 	if ( !testFiles.length ) {
diff --git a/build/tasks/npmcopy.js b/build/tasks/npmcopy.js
index 750f26d8a..93c0658b9 100644
--- a/build/tasks/npmcopy.js
+++ b/build/tasks/npmcopy.js
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 "use strict";
 
-const fs = require( "fs" );
-const path = require( "path" );
+const fs = require( "node:fs/promises" );
+const path = require( "node:path" );
 
 const projectDir = path.resolve( __dirname, "..", ".." );
 
@@ -26,15 +26,15 @@ const files = {
 };
 
 async function npmcopy() {
-	await fs.promises.mkdir( path.resolve( projectDir, "external" ), {
+	await fs.mkdir( path.resolve( projectDir, "external" ), {
 		recursive: true
 	} );
 	for ( const [ dest, source ] of Object.entries( files ) ) {
 		const from = path.resolve( projectDir, "node_modules", source );
 		const to = path.resolve( projectDir, "external", dest );
 		const toDir = path.dirname( to );
-		await fs.promises.mkdir( toDir, { recursive: true } );
-		await fs.promises.copyFile( from, to );
+		await fs.mkdir( toDir, { recursive: true } );
+		await fs.copyFile( from, to );
 		console.log( `${ source } → ${ dest }` );
 	}
 }
diff --git a/build/tasks/promises_aplus_tests.js b/build/tasks/promises_aplus_tests.js
index 931db1b44..f8deaa6a0 100644
--- a/build/tasks/promises_aplus_tests.js
+++ b/build/tasks/promises_aplus_tests.js
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 "use strict";
 
-const { spawn } = require( "child_process" );
+const { spawn } = require( "node:child_process" );
 const verifyNodeVersion = require( "./lib/verifyNodeVersion" );
-const path = require( "path" );
-const os = require( "os" );
+const path = require( "node:path" );
+const os = require( "node:os" );
 
 if ( !verifyNodeVersion() ) {
 	return;
diff --git a/build/tasks/qunit-fixture.js b/build/tasks/qunit-fixture.js
index 3059bb929..dbb789b60 100644
--- a/build/tasks/qunit-fixture.js
+++ b/build/tasks/qunit-fixture.js
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 "use strict";
 
-const fs = require( "fs" );
+const fs = require( "node:fs/promises" );
 
 async function generateFixture() {
-	const fixture = await fs.promises.readFile( "./test/data/qunit-fixture.html", "utf8" );
-	await fs.promises.writeFile(
+	const fixture = await fs.readFile( "./test/data/qunit-fixture.html", "utf8" );
+	await fs.writeFile(
 		"./test/data/qunit-fixture.js",
 		"// Generated by build/tasks/qunit-fixture.js\n" +
 		"QUnit.config.fixture = " +
diff --git a/test/runner/createTestServer.js b/test/runner/createTestServer.js
index cd82844d5..36af38779 100644
--- a/test/runner/createTestServer.js
+++ b/test/runner/createTestServer.js
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import bodyParser from "body-parser";
 import express from "express";
 import bodyParserErrorHandler from "express-body-parser-error-handler";
-import { readFile } from "fs/promises";
+import { readFile } from "node:fs/promises";
 import mockServer from "../middleware-mockserver.js";
 
 export async function createTestServer( report ) {