Z N s odd odd 0.015 odd even 0.18 even odd 0.205 even even 0.6 Z > 82 -> unstable Z <= 20 -> stable n/p is nearly 1 (0.775 - 1.29) Z > 20 & Z <= 82 -> stable n/p between 1:1 and 1.5:1 Z > 92 -> spontaneous fission Z > 52 -> alpha rays possible Can induce fission by neutron bombardment. Too many neutrons -> beta decay, neutron emission Too few neutrons -> electron capture, positron emission, proton emission Alpha: Emits 2Z-2N Beta: Emits e, 1N -> 1Z Electron capture & Positron emission: Emits e+, 1Z -> 1N